表伴随和表目的

____________far from school ,he is often late. A.To live B Having lived C. Lived D.Living to的用法都有什麽 Many people come to visit theme park, ________ for thrill and entertainment. A.look B. to look for C . looking D.looked 什麽是表伴随,怎麽用

解题思路：
解题过程：
第一题选D 现在分词作为原因状语。
第二题选TO LOOK，不定式做目的状语。
不定式用法如下：1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
【例如】
To complete the 30storied building in one year was
quite a difficult task.
To do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到
谓语的后面。
【例如】
It is important for modern young people to master
at least two foreign languages.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish,
inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋
不定式
【例如】
It is essential to reserve a table in advance of
Christmas Eve. hard to put my hopessintoswords.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is important for us young people to learn English and
master it.
b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing,
one’s duty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...)
＋不定式
It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
It is a pity to have to go without her.
It is a glorious death to die for the people.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days,
a lot of time, patience...)＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
It took them half the night to get home in the snow.2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示
意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty,

job等。

【例如】

The most important thing for one’s health is to have

plenty of exercise.

My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of

the matter.

The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers

to the city and to provide them with any necessary

information.

What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.

3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：

afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,

choose,claim,consent,demand,decide,desire,determine,

expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,

neglect,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,

seek,tend,threaten,want等。

【例如】

I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in

spring.

My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels

tired.I decide to work hard and get doctor’s degree.

The room is designed to be my study,but now it has to

be used as a bedroom for the children.

She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was

worried about it.

There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry

and I think he means( )trouble. (CET-4 1997, 1)

A) making B) to make

C) to have made D)shavingsmade

mean后面一般加不定式，所以A和D可以排除。根据句意，

他看起来非常生气，他想找麻烦，不定式的动作还没有实施，

应用一般式， 因此答案为B。不定式作宾语还常用在下面

结构中；主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。

【例如】

We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.

I think it important to learn English well in college.

使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe, consider, declare, feel,

find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。


1.不定式的时态的选用

1）不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或在谓语动词动作之后发生。


I saw him enter the room．我看见他进入了那房间。


I was invited to the party to be held in the roof garden．我被邀请参加在屋顶花园举行的晚会。


2）不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。


I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long．很抱歉让你等了那么长时间。


I heard you have finished your job．听说你已经完成了你的工作。


3）不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进行。


They seemed to be eating something．他们好像正在吃东西。


I am very glad to be working with you．很高兴和你一起工作。

2. 不定式的语态


不定式的语态与不定式表示的动作的被动与否以及它与逻辑主语的关系有关。


1）通常而言，不定式的动作是主动的，则不定式用主动语态，反之则用被动语态。


2）在实际运用中还要考虑不定式的逻辑主语。


不定式的逻辑主语是全句的主语：He hurried there to find the train had gone．他赶到那里结果发现火车已经开走了。

主语补足语： Nobody will be allowed to leave unti l7：00a．m．直到七点才允许离开。

宾语：She dislikes to be told to do what she dislikes．她不愿听人使唤。宾语补足语是全句的宾语：Father desires me to be a doctor．父亲希望我当医生。

定语是其中心词：These are the letters for him to be typed today．这些是他今天要打印出来的信笺。

句中某一名词或代词：He bought a book to read．他买了一本书（自己）读。He bought me a book to read．他给我买了一本书读。

主语和表语由for引出：It is impossible for him to do the job alone．他不可能独自干这活。

由of引出：It is very kind of you to see us．谢谢你来看我们。

不在句中，可根据句义推测出来：My job is to teach students English．我的工作是教学生英语。
分词用法如:
现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示"主动和进行"，过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
　　1、分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。
分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
　　【例如】
Hearing the news they all jumped with joy.
Using what you know of word stems and word formations you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.
The students went out of the classroom laughing and talking.
Accompanied by his friend he went to the railway station.
Given better attention the plants could grow better.
He looked tired and depressed visibly disturbed by the news of his mother’s illness.

　　分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
　　【例如】
　　Taught by mistakes and setbacks ,we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) .
Inspired by the International the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation. (the working people were inspired/ inspire the working people)
____the earth to be flat , many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge.

A) having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed
　　
本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为B.
　　No matter how frequently____ ,the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
　　A) performing B) performed C) to be performed D) being performed
　　本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.
　　____as it was at such a time ,his work attracted much attention.
　　A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published
　　本句中as引导的是让步状语从句，意思为：他的作品尽管在被这样的时候出版，还是引起了关注，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.
　　2、"while ( when once until if though等连词)＋分词"结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when ,once, although, until if等连词。
　　【例如】 When leaving the airport ,she waved again and again to us.
While waiting for the train , I had a long talk with my sister about her work……
　　Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
　　
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. I
f translated word by word the passage will be difficult to understand.

　　3、分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
【例如】
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
　　After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. 　　More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.
The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack……
As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free tax-upported schools must be established in every town____50 households or more.
　　A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having had Town
　　后面由分词做定语，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词，答案为A。
　　4、分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear ,observe ,notice, feel ,find, glimpse ,glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get ,catch ,leave ,set ,start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。
　　5、分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。
最终答案：略