英语翻译早在古代,万神殿就因其完美的比例而被誉为“罗马奇观”.时至今日,它仍是一个奇观：屹立不倒,就如同1,900年前哈

英语翻译
早在古代,万神殿就因其完美的比例而被誉为“罗马奇观”.时至今日,它仍是一个奇观：屹立不倒,就如同1,900年前哈德良皇帝下令建造它时一样.这座神殿堪称圆屋顶的登峰造极之作,而圆屋顶正是罗马人最伟大的发明之一.万神殿的圆屋顶直径143英尺,
相当于自由女神像从鞋子到火炬的距离.在15世纪之前,它一直是世界上最大的圆屋顶,其高度和直径相等,构成一个完美的半球.这种建筑只有用罗马人发明的混凝土才能建成,但他们并没有钢筋来加固混凝土.他们用浮石掺入混凝土,制成一种非常轻质耐
用的建筑材料.这种特制的混凝土被浇注入壳体,自下而上渐渐变薄,圆屋顶的底部有22英尺厚,而顶部仅有2英尺厚.万神殿既是一座庙宇,又是一座皇家纪念物,始建于公元118年,与大角斗场和卡拉卡拉浴场共同代表了光辉灿烂的罗马建筑.它的主体呈
圆形,顶上覆有直径达43.3米的巨大穹顶,这个跨度直到19世纪还无可匹敌.支撑穹顶的墙垣高度与穹顶半径大体相同,这种简单明确的几何关系使万神殿的单一空间显得格外完整,暗含宇宙的意味.穹顶正中有一个圆形大洞,直径8.9米,这是神殿惟一的采光
来源,好像上天的眼睛发出的神圣光芒,营造出殿堂与神灵相通的神韵.神殿的圆顶和混凝土外壳结构在后来的基督教时代仍然被不断使用,这种穹顶成为欧美城市建筑艺术的基本形式,甚至改变了城市的轮廓线,影响极为深远.
早在希腊时期就已经有圆形庙宇,因为没有拱券结构技术,所以体量都不大,屋顶是伞形的.罗马也有希腊式圆形庙宇,不过罗马人的重大创造是用穹顶覆盖的圆形庙.公无前1世纪末,那波利附近海滨休养地马伊埃（Baiae）的圆庙,穹顶直径已经达到21.55米.
但当时这种建筑毕竟数量很少,罗马建筑师还没有充分认识到穹顶的造型潜力,给它们设计出富有表现力的形象,所以万神庙的外部艺术还是按照传统以前面方形柱廊为主.甚至为了改善外形的比例,圆筒形墙的顶端向上延伸,挡住了穹顶下部分之一左右.一种
崭新的造型可能性,被传统的审美习惯埋没,这是建筑史上常见的事.穹顶所蕴含的巨大的造型可能性,一直要到意大利文艺复兴时期才被认识,并且创造出了极富艺术表现力的形象,那以后流行全欧洲,尤其到了19世纪,高举的穹顶几乎在欧美所有的大城市里
占据了艺术中心的位置改变了城市的轮廓线.古希腊和罗马早期的庙宇,艺术表现力都在外部,而万神庙却以内部空间的艺术表现为主.就万神庙本身而言,其内部结构的重要性已经超过了外部造型,也许正因为如此,柱廊部分才成为外部表现的重点.相比万神
庙以前的建筑注重外部结构的表现,万神庙的建筑结构体现了一种变革.拱券技术的完善是万神庙建筑成功的必要因素之一,不过也正是通过建造万神庙使拱券技术的完善程度达到一个前所未有的高度.混凝土的使用和建筑力学的结合使万神庙在整体的结构有浑
然一体的效果.万神庙主体建筑的美学风格可以概括为,简单而庄严崇高、神秘而宏伟富丽.内部结构的镀金铜饰件不仅因为重复的简单美而让人感到震撼,也从中看到富丽的堆砌.圆洞的设计把神像和天联系起来,这种神秘感是东西方宗教都在追求的,万神庙
所展现的宏伟把这种神秘感扩大到一个相当的高度.柱廊的装饰虽然是沿袭了原有的形制,但是这些科林斯廊柱把圆形的主殿衬托的甚为庄严.可以说万神庙宏伟的气势,复杂的结构和完善的功能展现了古罗马人的追求,是古罗马精神风貌在建筑上的反映.万神
庙不仅保存了完好的建筑结构,还反映了古罗马对于神庙建筑的探索.

As early as in ancient times, the pantheon was because of its perfect proportion and is known as "Roman wonders". Today, it is still a spectacle: stand, 19 years ago as hadrian ordered to build it. This is the highest dome shrine, the Romans and dome is one of the greatest inventions. Pantheon dome diameter 143 feet,
Liberty is equivalent to the distance from the shoes to the torch. In the 15th century, it has been the world's largest dome, its height and diameter of equal, constitute a perfect hemispheres. This building is in Rome who invented, but they can be built concrete and steel to reinforced concrete. They use pumice mixing concrete, made a very light
Use of building materials. This special being poured into the concrete shell, gradually thinning bottom-up dome, the bottom is 22 feet thicker, and only 2 top inches thick. As a temple pantheon, is a royal monuments, founded in 118 years, with big arenas and kara Carla bathing together represent the effulgent Roman architecture. It is the subject
Circular, upturned 43.3 meters in diameter of the huge dome, the span until the 19th century is unmatched. The walls of the dome supports approximately the same height and dome, the radius of the geometric relationships that simple pantheon of single space appears to be complete, the implied meaning of the universe. The dome of a circular hole diameter, 8.9 meters, this is only the daylighting of the house
Source, like a god of the divine light eyes, build a palace and the spirit of verve. The dome of the temple and concrete shell structure in the Christian era is still used, such as urban construction art and dome of the basic form, even change the contour line and urban profound influence.
In early hellenistic period has GongQuan temples, because there is no round structure technology, so the quantity is little, the roof of pink-and-white. Roma have Grecian round, but Roman temples of major creation is covered by the dome of the circular temple. Male WuQian 1 of the 20th century, NaBoLi nearby coastal XiuYangDe ma essien Baiae (round), the dome diameter has reached the temple 21.55 meters.
But when the building after few in number, Roman architect still not fully aware of the dome, giving them potential modelling design expressive image, so the external art or temple million square in front in accordance with the traditional colonnade. Even in order to improve the appearance of the wall, stress ratio and blocked up top part dome. a
The modelling of new possibilities, is the traditional aesthetic habit, this is the napkin of common things. The dome of the modelling of great possibilities, always want to Italian Renaissance recognized, and create a rich artistic expression of the image, and then pop across Europe, especially in the 19th century, high dome in Europe and all the cities almost
Occupy the art center position change of the city's skyline. Ancient Greek and Roman temples, artistic expression of the early in external and internal space with million temple of artistic expression. Just million temple itself, its internal structure has exceeded the importance of exterior modelling, perhaps because of this, the road to become part of the external expression. Compared with god
Temple architecture exterior notice before the performance of the temple architecture, reflected a kind of change. GongQuan technology improvement is the necessary factor temple architecture of success, but also to build million GongQuan temple through technical improvement to an unprecedented level. The use of concrete construction mechanics and make million in the overall structure of temples are muddy
But an effect. The main building temples million aesthetic style can be summarized as, simple and sublimity, mysterious and magnificent richly. The internal structure of gold-plated copper decorations not only because of the beautiful and simple repetition, also let a person feel shocked to see the instablity richly from. The design of the round hole gods and link this mystery, heaven is in pursuit of the eastern religions, million temple
By the mystery of the magnificent extended to a considerable height. Although adornment colonnades followed the original shape, but these were the main circular Collins was solemn foils. Can say, the magnificent temple million of complex structure and perfect function shows the Romans pursuit of spirit, is the ancient buildings in the reflection. Gods:
Not only kept intact temple architecture, but also reflects the Roman temple architecture to explore.