英语翻译【摘要】在中西跨文化交际中,文化冲突的事例屡见不鲜,严重影响了交往的顺利进行,因此我们很有必要找出其深层次的原因

英语翻译
【摘要】在中西跨文化交际中,文化冲突的事例屡见不鲜,严重影响了交往的顺利进行,因此我们很有必要找出其深层次的原因,并采取一定的措施来培养跨文化交际的能力,避免文化冲突.
【关键词】跨文化交际、文化差异、文化冲突
随着中国对外开放程度的逐渐深入,西方社会的人和事物越来越多地走进了我们的视野,在这种情况下,跨国域、跨民族、跨文化的经济和社会交往将会与日俱增,这就为我们提供了许多与西方人接触和交往的机会,这对于加深我们的西方社会的理解是一件好事,但这并不是一件简单的事情,因为我们所面对的是来自陌生的文化和国家,思维方式、生活习惯和行为方式与我们迥然不同的人,在与之交往的过程中不可避免的会出现文化冲突的现象.
1．中西跨文化交际中经常出现的文化冲突
在中西跨文化交际中会出现的文化冲突有很多种,在这里我们不可能一一叙述,只能列出比较常见的几种.
1.1隐私方面的冲突
中国人的隐私观念比较薄弱,认为个人要归属于集体,在一起讲究团结友爱,互相关心,故而中国人往往很愿意了解别人的酸甜苦辣,对方也愿意坦诚相告.而西方人则非常注重个人隐私,讲究个人空间,不愿意向别人过多提及自己的事情,更不愿意让别人干预.因此在隐私问题上中西双方经常发生冲突,例如：中国人第一次见面往往会询问对方的年龄,婚姻状况,儿女,职业,甚至收入,在中国人的眼里这是一种礼貌,但在西方人眼里则认为这些问题侵犯了他们的隐私.
1.2时间观方面的冲突
西方人的时间观和金钱观是联系在一起的,时间就是金钱的观念根深蒂固,所以它们非常珍惜时间,在生活中往往对时间都做了精心的安排和计划,并养成了按时赴约的好习惯.在西方,要拜访某人,必须事先通知或约定,并说明拜访的目的、时间和地点,经商定后方可进行.而中国人则属于多向时间习惯的国家,在时间的使用上具有很大的随意性,一般不会像西方人那样严格的按照计划进行,西方人对此往往感到不适应.
1.3客套语方面的冲突
中国人注重谦虚,在与人交际时,讲求“卑己尊人”,把这看作一种美德,这是一种富有中国文化特色的礼貌现象.在别人赞扬我们时,我们往往会自贬一番,以表谦虚有礼.西方国家却没有这样的文化习惯,当他们受到赞扬时,总会很高兴地说一声“Thank you”表示接受.由于中西文化差异,我们认为西方人过于自信,毫不谦虚；而当西方人听到中国人这样否定别人对自己的赞扬或者听到他们自己否定自己的成就,甚至把自己贬得一文不值时,会感到非常惊讶,认为中国人不诚实.
1.4餐饮习俗方面的冲突
中华民族素有热情好客的优良传统.在交际场合和酒席上,热情的中国人常常互相敬烟敬酒.中国人宴客,即使美味佳肴摆满一桌,主人也总习惯讲几句“多多包涵”等客套话.主人有时会用筷子往客人的碗里夹菜,用各种办法劝客人多吃菜、多喝酒.而在西方国家,人们讲求尊重个人权益和个人隐私,所以他们不会做强人所难的事.吃饭的时候,绝不会硬往你碗里夹菜,自己想吃什么就吃什么,他们也不会用各种办法劝客人喝酒,不会非要你喝醉了为止

Abstract in the Central and Western cross-cultural communication,culture seen examples of conflict,which has seriously affected the smooth progress of the exchanges,so we need to find out the very deep-rooted reasons,and to take certain measures to develop the ability to cross-cultural communication,to avoid Cultural conflict.
Key words:cross-cultural communication,cultural differences and cultural conflicts
With China's gradual opening to the outside world the extent of in-depth,the Western society and more and more things into our vision,and in these circumstances,cross-domain and inter-ethnic and cross-cultural economic and social exchanges will be Increasing,and this has provided us with many contacts and exchanges with the Westerners the opportunity to deepen our This is the understanding of Western society is a good thing,but this is not a simple matter,because we are facing is from Unfamiliar cultures and countries,ways of thinking and living habits and behavior with our very different people,in the course of contacts with the inevitable conflicts will arise culture phenomenon.
1.Chinese and Western cross-cultural communication often appear in the cultural conflict
in the Central and Western cross-cultural communication will appear in the culture of conflict there are many,here we can not describe January 1,only the more common list of several.
1.1 privacy aspects of the conflict
Chinese people's concept of privacy is relatively weak,that individual should be vested in the collective,with the stress unity,friendliness,mutual concern,therefore the Chinese people are often very willing to understand other people's Suantiankula,the other side is also willing to frankly Xianggu.The Westerners were very much the importance of personal privacy,emphasize personal space,not too many others to mention their own affairs,even more reluctant to let others interfere.Therefore,in both Chinese and Western on the issue of privacy often in conflict,such as:first met the Chinese people will often ask each other's age,marital status,children,occupation,income and even in the eyes of Chinese people this is a courtesy,but in the West The eyes of the view that these issues are a violation of their privacy.
1.2 hours of the conflict
Western concept of time and money concept is linked,time is money the concept of deep-rooted,so they cherish time in life tend to have time made careful arrangements and plans,and to develop a flying time The good habit.In the West,to visit someone,we must give prior notice or agreement,and explain the purpose of visit,time and location to be agreed later.The Chinese people are more accustomed to the time of the country,the use of time is very arbitrary,like Westerners generally not as strict accordance with the plan,Westerners often feel are not suited to this.
1.3 courtesy of the phrase conflict
Chinese emphasis on humility,when communication with the people,emphasis on "British Columbia has respect," see this as a virtue,it is a rich Chinese cultural characteristics of the phenomenon of courtesy.We commend the people,we tend to a self-criticism to show modest and polite.Western countries have no such cultural practices,when they were praised,the Federation is very pleased to say "Thank you" to accept.As cultural differences,we think that Westerners are too self-confident,without modesty,and when Westerners have heard that the Chinese people to deny others their own tribute to hear their own or deny their success,even when their criticism of worthless ,Would be very surprised that the Chinese people dishonest.
1.4 dining practices of conflict
Chinese nation is known as the fine tradition of hospitality.Communication occasions and in the banquet,the enthusiasm of the Chinese people often propose a toast each other Jingyan.Chinese banquet,even delicacies fill table,also the owner of habit make a few "covered a lot of" his kind words addressed.The owner will sometimes use chopsticks to guests of the bowl Jiacai,using various means persuading more Chicai guests,and more drinking.In Western countries,it emphasizes respect for individual rights and personal privacy,so they will not do Qiangrensuonan matter.To eat,you will not be hard to bowl Jiacai,eat what their take a what,they would not have used various means persuading guests to drink,you will not have to drunk so fa