作业帮哪位达人告诉我英语动词的非常规用法有哪些?
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/08 01:43:53
哪位达人告诉我英语动词的非常规用法有哪些?
也可以说说常规的用法
或者做一下对比说明.
不好意思
题目没说完整
是动词分词的非常归用法
也可以说说常规的用法
或者做一下对比说明.
不好意思
题目没说完整
是动词分词的非常归用法
分词是一种非谓语动词, 分为二种形式, 现在分词和过
去分词.它具有形容词或副词的特征可放在句中作表语、宾
补、定语或状语.同时仍保留动词的特征, 可以带其所需要的
宾语或状语而构成分词短语.在分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语一
般应与句子的主语一致.如果不一致的话, 分词前面可以带有
自己的逻辑主语(名词或代词) , 构成分词的独立结构(或称
为带逻辑主语的分词结构).分词独立结构可表示伴随情况、
陪衬动作、附加说明以及表示时间、原因、条件等.
例如: The moon has no light of its own, only sunlight
shining on it. (附加说明)
She rushed out the room, the lit t le baby carried in her
arm s1 (伴随动作)
M aggie ran back to the kitchen, eggs held carefully in
her hand1 (伴随动作)
They being blind men, how could they see the
elephants? (= A s they w ere blind men111 ) (表示原因)
Circum stances changed, it is necessary for you to make a
new p lan1 (表示原因)
A force acting through a distance, work is done. (表示
条件)
Both bright side and dark side considered, you w ill have
the confidence to overcome this difficulty1 (表示条件)
All flights having been cancelled because of the
snowstorm, many passengers could do no thing but take the
t rain1
一、现在分词
动词语态形式 及物动词主动语态 被动语态 不及
物动词
一般式 writing being written going
完成式 having written having been written having
gone.
(一) 现在分词的时态和语态
1. 现在分词的时态
① 一般式表示其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发
生, 或之前、之后发生.
She hurried home looking behind as she w ent1
Hearing the noise they immediately rushed out of the
room.
② 完成式表示的动作通常发生在其谓语动词所表示的
动作之前.
Having studied in the university for 3 years he knows the
place very well.
Having lit a candle she went out.
2. 现在分词的被动语态:
① 一般式的被动通常作后置定语
The quest ion being discussed is important.
Let’s go and see the new house being built by the lake1
② 现成式的被动通常作状语
Having been shown the lab we were taken to the library1
Having been criticized by the teacher LiMing gave up
smoking.
3. 分词的否定形式
Not knowing what to do he went to ask the teacher.
Not having received the letter, he wrote her again.
(二) 现在分词的用法
1. 作表语
The news is disappointing.
The film we saw yesterday is moving.
2. 作定语
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
This is an interesting book.
There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
Who is the boy standing over there?
注: (É ) 分词作定语时, 所表示的动作与其谓语动词同
时发生, 若两个动作有先有后, 则用定语从句.
The teacher criticized the student w ho had broken the
window.
The girl who wrote a letter yesterday can speak English
well.
(Ê ) 分词的完成时一般不用作定语, 通常用作定语(除
非名词被不定代词所修饰)
The students having handed in their papers must leave
the room. (×)
The students w ho have handed in their papers must
leave the room. (√)
Any student hawing handed in their papers must leave
the room. (√)
3. 作宾语补足词
Can you get the machine going again?
We can see steam rising from the wet clothes?
注: 在see, hear, watch, feel, observe, have, notice,
listen to 等动词后, 既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语, 也可以
用不定式构成复合宾语, 但两者的含义是有差别的, 用现在分
词表示动作正在发生(即处于发生的过程中, 还没有结果) , 而
用不定式则表示动作发生了(即动作全部过程结果)
I saw the girl get into the car and drive off.
I saw the girl getting into the car.
4. 作状语
①作时间状语
Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of h is brother.
Going downstairs, he tripped on the carpet.
While crossing the street, you must be careful.
The water from the factory must be cleaned before.
flowing into the river.
Having finished his homework, he went home.
Having written the letter, she went to the post office.
②作原因状语
Being blind, how could they see the elephant?
Having seen it before, she answered them easily.
Having been beaten seriously, the enemy retreated.
③作方式或伴随状语
The bus stopped, waiting for the green light.
She sat at the desk reading the newspaper.
④作结果状语
European football is played in 80 countries, making it
the most popular sport in the world.
注: (É ) 分词短语作状语时, 其逻辑主语须与句子的主
语一致.
(Ê ) 表示时间关系的分词短语有时由连词while, when
或before 等引导.
(Ë ) 一般情况下, 分词短语的逻辑主语就是句子的主语.
但有些分词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语, 而且在句子中
也无分词动作的执行者, 这种现象称为“分词的无依附形式”,
常见的有
generally speaking, strictly speaking, broadly speaking,
judging from , considering……
Generally speaking, men can run faster than women.
Judging from his expression, he is in a bad mood.
二、过去分词
规则动词的过去分词由动词原形词尾加—ed 构成, 不规
则动词的过去分词参见不规则动词表.过去分词没有完成式
和被动结构, 只有一种形式.
(一) 过去分词的用法
1. 作定语
过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系, 相当于一个
被动语态的定语从句.
Most of the people invited to the party were famous
Scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party w ere from South
Africa.
There is a dried2up river near the village.
The stolen car w as found by the police last week.
He likes to read books written by LuXun.
The object put in the box is a fan made of feather1
3 过去分词短语作后置定语时, 可转化为定语从句, 但其
谓语动词必须用被动结构.
Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer.
〈Who were questioned〉
2. 作表语:
The glass is broken.
Hearing this they became excited.
3. 作宾语补足语:
You should have your hair cut1
W hen I opened the door I found the ground covered by
fallen leaves.
41 作状语:
①作时间状语:
Heated, the metal expands1
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
②作条件状语:
Given more time, we could do it much better.
③作方式或伴随状语:
The trainer appeared followed by six little dogs.
The professor stood there surrounded by h is students.
④作原因状语:
Properly marked with numbers, the book s can be easily
Found.
Inspired by Dr Wang’s speech, LiHua decided to work
harder.
(二) 过去分词和现在分词的区别:
1. 语态方面: 现在分词表示主动, 而过去分词表示被动.
The man speaking there is his father.
What’s the language spoken in China?
I saw her opening the door.
I saw the door opened.
2. 时间方面: 现在分词表动作正在进行, 而过去分词表
动作已完成.
We are living in the changing world.
Japan is a developed country.
(三) 分词的否定形式(not + v-ing)、(not + having +
v-ed)
1. Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.
2. Not having finished the homework, the pupil doesn’t
dare to go to school.
(四) 分词的被动形式: 表示分词的动作和被修饰的名词
之间的关系是被动的.
The bridge being built now will be completed next year.
去分词.它具有形容词或副词的特征可放在句中作表语、宾
补、定语或状语.同时仍保留动词的特征, 可以带其所需要的
宾语或状语而构成分词短语.在分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语一
般应与句子的主语一致.如果不一致的话, 分词前面可以带有
自己的逻辑主语(名词或代词) , 构成分词的独立结构(或称
为带逻辑主语的分词结构).分词独立结构可表示伴随情况、
陪衬动作、附加说明以及表示时间、原因、条件等.
例如: The moon has no light of its own, only sunlight
shining on it. (附加说明)
She rushed out the room, the lit t le baby carried in her
arm s1 (伴随动作)
M aggie ran back to the kitchen, eggs held carefully in
her hand1 (伴随动作)
They being blind men, how could they see the
elephants? (= A s they w ere blind men111 ) (表示原因)
Circum stances changed, it is necessary for you to make a
new p lan1 (表示原因)
A force acting through a distance, work is done. (表示
条件)
Both bright side and dark side considered, you w ill have
the confidence to overcome this difficulty1 (表示条件)
All flights having been cancelled because of the
snowstorm, many passengers could do no thing but take the
t rain1
一、现在分词
动词语态形式 及物动词主动语态 被动语态 不及
物动词
一般式 writing being written going
完成式 having written having been written having
gone.
(一) 现在分词的时态和语态
1. 现在分词的时态
① 一般式表示其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发
生, 或之前、之后发生.
She hurried home looking behind as she w ent1
Hearing the noise they immediately rushed out of the
room.
② 完成式表示的动作通常发生在其谓语动词所表示的
动作之前.
Having studied in the university for 3 years he knows the
place very well.
Having lit a candle she went out.
2. 现在分词的被动语态:
① 一般式的被动通常作后置定语
The quest ion being discussed is important.
Let’s go and see the new house being built by the lake1
② 现成式的被动通常作状语
Having been shown the lab we were taken to the library1
Having been criticized by the teacher LiMing gave up
smoking.
3. 分词的否定形式
Not knowing what to do he went to ask the teacher.
Not having received the letter, he wrote her again.
(二) 现在分词的用法
1. 作表语
The news is disappointing.
The film we saw yesterday is moving.
2. 作定语
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
This is an interesting book.
There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
Who is the boy standing over there?
注: (É ) 分词作定语时, 所表示的动作与其谓语动词同
时发生, 若两个动作有先有后, 则用定语从句.
The teacher criticized the student w ho had broken the
window.
The girl who wrote a letter yesterday can speak English
well.
(Ê ) 分词的完成时一般不用作定语, 通常用作定语(除
非名词被不定代词所修饰)
The students having handed in their papers must leave
the room. (×)
The students w ho have handed in their papers must
leave the room. (√)
Any student hawing handed in their papers must leave
the room. (√)
3. 作宾语补足词
Can you get the machine going again?
We can see steam rising from the wet clothes?
注: 在see, hear, watch, feel, observe, have, notice,
listen to 等动词后, 既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语, 也可以
用不定式构成复合宾语, 但两者的含义是有差别的, 用现在分
词表示动作正在发生(即处于发生的过程中, 还没有结果) , 而
用不定式则表示动作发生了(即动作全部过程结果)
I saw the girl get into the car and drive off.
I saw the girl getting into the car.
4. 作状语
①作时间状语
Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of h is brother.
Going downstairs, he tripped on the carpet.
While crossing the street, you must be careful.
The water from the factory must be cleaned before.
flowing into the river.
Having finished his homework, he went home.
Having written the letter, she went to the post office.
②作原因状语
Being blind, how could they see the elephant?
Having seen it before, she answered them easily.
Having been beaten seriously, the enemy retreated.
③作方式或伴随状语
The bus stopped, waiting for the green light.
She sat at the desk reading the newspaper.
④作结果状语
European football is played in 80 countries, making it
the most popular sport in the world.
注: (É ) 分词短语作状语时, 其逻辑主语须与句子的主
语一致.
(Ê ) 表示时间关系的分词短语有时由连词while, when
或before 等引导.
(Ë ) 一般情况下, 分词短语的逻辑主语就是句子的主语.
但有些分词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语, 而且在句子中
也无分词动作的执行者, 这种现象称为“分词的无依附形式”,
常见的有
generally speaking, strictly speaking, broadly speaking,
judging from , considering……
Generally speaking, men can run faster than women.
Judging from his expression, he is in a bad mood.
二、过去分词
规则动词的过去分词由动词原形词尾加—ed 构成, 不规
则动词的过去分词参见不规则动词表.过去分词没有完成式
和被动结构, 只有一种形式.
(一) 过去分词的用法
1. 作定语
过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系, 相当于一个
被动语态的定语从句.
Most of the people invited to the party were famous
Scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party w ere from South
Africa.
There is a dried2up river near the village.
The stolen car w as found by the police last week.
He likes to read books written by LuXun.
The object put in the box is a fan made of feather1
3 过去分词短语作后置定语时, 可转化为定语从句, 但其
谓语动词必须用被动结构.
Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer.
〈Who were questioned〉
2. 作表语:
The glass is broken.
Hearing this they became excited.
3. 作宾语补足语:
You should have your hair cut1
W hen I opened the door I found the ground covered by
fallen leaves.
41 作状语:
①作时间状语:
Heated, the metal expands1
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
②作条件状语:
Given more time, we could do it much better.
③作方式或伴随状语:
The trainer appeared followed by six little dogs.
The professor stood there surrounded by h is students.
④作原因状语:
Properly marked with numbers, the book s can be easily
Found.
Inspired by Dr Wang’s speech, LiHua decided to work
harder.
(二) 过去分词和现在分词的区别:
1. 语态方面: 现在分词表示主动, 而过去分词表示被动.
The man speaking there is his father.
What’s the language spoken in China?
I saw her opening the door.
I saw the door opened.
2. 时间方面: 现在分词表动作正在进行, 而过去分词表
动作已完成.
We are living in the changing world.
Japan is a developed country.
(三) 分词的否定形式(not + v-ing)、(not + having +
v-ed)
1. Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.
2. Not having finished the homework, the pupil doesn’t
dare to go to school.
(四) 分词的被动形式: 表示分词的动作和被修饰的名词
之间的关系是被动的.
The bridge being built now will be completed next year.